My research focuses on space weather and solar–terrestrial physics, with particular emphasis on the origin, initiation, magnetic structuring, evolution, and heliospheric propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their geoeffectiveness at Earth. I investigate solar–wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling, CME–magnetosphere interactions, geomagnetic storm generation, magnetic reconnection, and the physical mechanisms governing the transfer of mass, momentum, and energy from the solar corona to geospace, with the broader objective of improving space-weather forecasting and predictive capability. My research also encompasses coronal and ionospheric physics, interplanetary CME (ICME) magnetic structures, and unusual auroral phenomena such as throat aurora, focusing on their relationship with solar-wind transients, magnetospheric dynamics, and magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling. A further research direction is planetary space weather, particularly the interaction of CMEs and solar-wind structures with Venus and its induced magnetosphere, including their effects on the planetary plasma environment, upper atmosphere, and atmospheric escape processes. My broader research interests extend to planetary science and astrobiology, with emphasis on planetary environments, atmospheric evolution, habitability, and the influence of space-weather processes on biological systems. I also contribute to analogue space research through the AMASE programme in Ladakh, involving planetary-analogue field investigations, environmental monitoring, biological experiments, and studies of life-supporting processes under extreme terrestrial environments relevant to future planetary exploration.
